Whooping cough, or pertussis, is a highly contagious respiratory infection caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. It is characterized by severe and persistent coughing, often accompanied by a whooping sound when the individual gasps for air. While pertussis is typically a mild illness, it can be life-threatening for infants, elderly adults, and individuals with compromised immune systems.
In 2019, we saw a shocking rise in the number of whooping cough deaths. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported a total of 8,037 cases of pertussis and 13 deaths as of December 16, 2019. This marks a significant increase from the previous year, where 6,238 cases and 11 deaths were reported in 2018. The surge in pertussis fatalities has raised concerns among healthcare professionals and researchers alike, prompting further investigation into the causes and prevention of the disease.
The Symptoms of Whooping Cough
The symptoms of pertussis can vary depending on the age and immune status of the individual. In infants, pertussis may present as fever, apnea, and respiratory distress, while in older children and adults, it is characterized by a paroxysmal cough accompanied by whooping sounds.
Early Symptoms
The early symptoms of whooping cough include:
- Runny nose
- Mild cough
- Low-grade fever
- Sneezing
Later Stages
The later stages of pertussis are characterized by:
- Severe and persistent coughing fits, often accompanied by a whooping sound when gasping for air
- Vomiting
- Exhaustion
The Causes of the Rise in Whooping Cough Deaths
There are several factors that may have contributed to the increase in pertussis fatalities in 2019. One of the main causes is a decrease in the number of individuals receiving the pertussis vaccine, particularly among adults. The pertussis vaccine is recommended for all individuals, but it is particularly important for pregnant women and those who come into close contact with infants.
Other factors that may have contributed to the rise in whooping cough deaths include:
- Inadequate use of antibiotics
- Increased international travel and migration
- Deteriorating public health infrastructure
The Importance of Vaccines
Vaccines are the best defense against pertussis and other infectious diseases. The pertussis vaccine is included in the routine childhood immunization schedule, and it is recommended that adults receive a booster shot every 10 years.
While vaccines are not 100% effective, they can significantly reduce the severity and spread of infectious diseases. Vaccines work by stimulating the immune system to produce antibodies that can recognize and attack specific viruses and bacteria.
How to Prevent Whooping Cough
Preventing pertussis involves taking several precautions, including:
- Getting vaccinated
- Practicing good hygiene, such as washing your hands regularly and covering your mouth when coughing or sneezing
- Avoiding close contact with individuals who are sick
- Seeking medical attention if you suspect you have pertussis
Treatment for Whooping Cough
There is no cure for pertussis, but the symptoms can be managed with antibiotics. Antibiotics can also prevent the spread of the disease to others. In severe cases, hospitalization may be required to monitor and manage complications such as pneumonia or dehydration.
Myths About Whooping Cough
There are several myths about pertussis that can be dangerous and can contribute to the spread of the disease. Some common myths include:
- Whooping cough is not a serious illness
- Whooping cough is not contagious
- The pertussis vaccine is dangerous or ineffective
These myths are not true. Whooping cough can be life-threatening, particularly for infants, elderly adults, and individuals with compromised immune systems. It is also highly contagious and can be spread through coughing and sneezing. Lastly, the pertussis vaccine is safe and effective, and it is recommended for all individuals.
Conclusion
The rise in whooping cough deaths in 2019 is a cause for concern, but it is important to remember that there are steps we can take to prevent the spread of the disease. Vaccines are the best defense against pertussis, and it is recommended that all individuals receive the vaccine according to the recommended schedule. Practicing good hygiene and seeking medical attention if you suspect you have pertussis can also help prevent the spread of the disease.
FAQs About Whooping Cough Deaths 2019
Q: What is whooping cough?
A: Whooping cough, or pertussis, is a highly contagious respiratory infection caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis.
Q: Who is at risk for whooping cough?
A: Infants, elderly adults, and individuals with compromised immune systems are at an increased risk for developing severe and potentially life-threatening complications from pertussis.
Q: How can I prevent whooping cough?
A: Vaccination is the best defense against pertussis. Practicing good hygiene, avoiding close contact with sick individuals, and seeking medical attention if you suspect you have pertussis can also help prevent the spread of the disease.
Q: What are the symptoms of whooping cough?
A: Whooping cough often begins with mild symptoms, such as a runny nose, low-grade fever, and cough. The later stages of the disease are characterized by severe and persistent coughing fits, often accompanied by a whooping sound when gasping for air.
Q: How is whooping cough treated?
A: There is no cure for pertussis, but the symptoms can be managed with antibiotics. Hospitalization may be required in severe cases to monitor and manage complications such as pneumonia or dehydration.
Q: Is the pertussis vaccine safe?
A: Yes, the pertussis vaccine is considered safe and effective, and it is recommended for all individuals.
Q: Can whooping cough be fatal?
A: Yes, whooping cough can be life-threatening, particularly for infants, elderly adults, and individuals with compromised immune systems.
Q: What causes whooping cough?
A: Whooping cough is caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis.
References
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Provisional Pertussis Surveillance Report.
https://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/surv-reporting/cases-by-reporting-year.html
World Health Organization. Weekly Epidemiological Record. Pertussis vaccines: WHO position paper.
https://www.who.int/wer/2010/wer8515.pdf?ua=1