Locked In Place: Discovering the Medical Term for Testicular Fixation
Testicular fixation is a surgical procedure that is performed for various reasons. It refers to the fixation of the testes in the scrotum to prevent them from moving around too much. There are different types of testicular fixation, and each has its own specific indications, techniques, and complications.
In this article, we will discuss the medical term for testicular fixation, its indications, techniques, and complications in detail.
Testicular Fixation: Medical Term
The medical term for testicular fixation is orchidopexy. It is a surgical procedure that involves fixing an undescended or retractile testis in the scrotum. Orchidopexy is also performed in cases of torsion, trauma, and testicular microlithiasis.
The purpose of orchidopexy is to ensure that the testes are in their correct anatomical position in the scrotum. This is important for the proper function of the testes and to prevent complications such as torsion and infertility.
Indications for Orchidopexy
1. Undescended Testis
Undescended testis (UDT) is a common condition that affects approximately 1 in 100 newborn boys. The affected testis fails to migrate from the abdomen to the scrotum before birth.
If left untreated, UDT can lead to infertility, testicular torsion, testicular cancer, and psychological issues. Therefore, orchidopexy is recommended between the ages of 6 and 18 months.
2. Retractile Testis
Retractile testis is a condition where the testis moves up and down from the scrotum in response to contraction of the cremasteric muscle. It is a normal variant and does not require intervention.
However, if the testis is pulled up and does not easily descend, it is considered an undescended testis and may require orchidopexy.
3. Torsion
Testicular torsion is a medical emergency that occurs when the spermatic cord twists, cutting off blood flow to the testis. It is a painful condition that requires immediate surgical intervention.
Orchidopexy is performed to prevent future torsion episodes, as the affected testis is more prone to torsion.
4. Trauma
Testicular trauma can lead to testicular dislocation or avulsion, which may require orchidopexy.
5. Testicular Microlithiasis
Testicular microlithiasis (TM) is a condition where tiny calcifications form in the testis. It is associated with an increased risk of testicular cancer.
Orchidopexy may be recommended in cases of TM to facilitate regular ultrasound monitoring of the testis and to minimize the risk of testicular torsion.
Techniques for Orchidopexy
There are different techniques for orchidopexy, depending on the indication and age of the patient.
1. Open Orchidopexy
Open orchidopexy is a surgical technique that involves making an incision in the scrotum or groin to access the testis. The testis is pulled down into the scrotum and secured in place using sutures.
This technique is commonly used for patients with undescended testis and those with a history of testicular torsion.
2. Laparoscopic Orchidopexy
Laparoscopic orchidopexy is a minimally invasive surgical technique that uses a small, camera-equipped instrument called a laparoscope to access the testis through small incisions in the abdomen.
This technique is commonly used for patients with high undescended testis or those who have previously undergone unsuccessful open orchidopexy. It is also used for testicular torsion in patients with bilateral undescended testis.
Complications of Orchidopexy
Orchidopexy is a safe and effective procedure with a low complication rate. However, like any surgical procedure, there are potential risks and complications.
1. Infection
Infection is a common complication of any surgical procedure. It can occur in the scrotum, groin, or the abdominal incision site.
2. Bleeding
Bleeding can occur during the surgery or in the postoperative period. It can result in hematoma or swelling.
3. Testicular Atrophy
Testicular atrophy is a rare but potential complication of orchidopexy that can occur due to vascular compromise or trauma during the surgery.
4. Recurrence
Recurrence of the undescended testis or retractile testis can occur in some cases.
Most Common Questions and Answers
Q: What is orchidopexy?
A: Orchidopexy is a surgical procedure that involves fixing an undescended or retractile testis in the scrotum.
Q: What is the medical term for testicular fixation?
A: The medical term for testicular fixation is orchidopexy.
Q: What are the indications for orchidopexy?
A: The indications for orchidopexy include undescended testis, retractile testis, torsion, trauma, and testicular microlithiasis.
Q: What are the techniques for orchidopexy?
A: The techniques for orchidopexy include open orchidopexy and laparoscopic orchidopexy.
Q: What are the complications of orchidopexy?
A: The complications of orchidopexy include infection, bleeding, testicular atrophy, and recurrence.
References:
1. Tasian GE, Copp HL. Evidence-based assessment of the impact of timing of surgery for cryptorchidism. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2012;59(5):1295-1310.
2. Pippi Salle JL, Prezioso M, et al. Orchidopexy in the age of laparoscopy. J Pediatr Urol. 2012;8(2):221-229.
3. Gargollo PC, Diamond DA. Current management of the undescended testicle. Adv Pediatr. 2010;57(1):221-247.