Sesame, also known as Sesamum indicum, is a flowering plant that belongs to the Pedaliaceae family. It is one of the oldest oilseed crops known to humanity, and it has been cultivated for thousands of years in many parts of the world. The seeds of sesame are highly valued for their oil content and their nutritional properties, and they are used in a variety of ways in the culinary and medicinal fields. In this post, we will explore the magical world of sesame seeds and delve into the different aspects of how they grow.
What are sesame seeds?
Sesame seeds are small, flat, and oval-shaped seeds that are about 2-3mm in length. They come in a variety of colors, including white, black, and brown, and they have a nutty and slightly sweet flavor. Sesame seeds are commonly used as a condiment and a flavoring agent in many cuisines around the world, especially in Middle Eastern, Asian, and African dishes. They are also widely used in baking and confectionery for their flavor and their ability to add texture and crunch.
The benefits of sesame seeds
Sesame seeds are not only delicious but also nutritious. They are an excellent source of protein, healthy fats, fiber, and several minerals like calcium, magnesium, and iron. Studies have shown that consuming sesame seeds regularly can lower cholesterol levels, improve heart health, and reduce inflammation in the body. They may also have anticancer properties and help with weight loss and diabetes control.
How does sesame grow?
Sesame is an annual crop that requires warm temperatures, adequate moisture, and well-drained soils to grow. It can be grown both in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, and it is sown either by direct seeding or transplanting. The plant can reach a height of 50-100cm and has a shallow and fibrous root system.
Sesame cultivation
The cultivation of sesame typically starts in early spring or early summer, depending on the local climate. The farmers prepare the soil by tilling and plowing it to a depth of 20-30cm to ensure good soil aeration and drainage. They then apply fertilizers and organic matter to improve the soil fertility and texture. The seeds are sown in rows or broadcasted evenly over the soil surface, and they are covered with a thin layer of soil to facilitate germination.
Sesame growth stages
The seed germination starts within 5-12 days of sowing, depending on the soil temperature and moisture. The seedlings emerge from the soil and develop two cotyledons, which are the first leaves of the plant. The first true leaves appear after 7-10 days, and the stem starts elongating rapidly. The plant forms a basal rosette of leaves at the early growth stages, and it starts branching and flowering after 6-8 weeks of sowing. The flowering stage lasts for 3-6 weeks, during which the plant produces numerous small white, pink, or purple flowers that are about 2-3cm in diameter.
Sesame seed development
After pollination, the flowers start forming small oval-shaped capsules that contain the sesame seeds. The capsules take about 4-6 weeks to mature, during which they turn from green to yellowish-brown or beige. The seeds are ready for harvest when the capsules start splitting and the seeds turn golden-brown or black. The harvesting time varies depending on the cultivar and the local climate, but it usually takes place in late summer or early fall.
Sesame harvesting and processing
The harvesting of sesame is done manually or mechanically, depending on the scale of production and the resources available. In manual harvesting, the plants are uprooted or cut at the base, and the capsules are collected and stacked for drying. In mechanical harvesting, the plants are stripped of their capsules using a special machine, and the capsules are processed through a cleaning and sorting system to eliminate impurities and broken seeds. The cleaned seeds are then dried, and the oil is extracted using a mechanical press or a solvent-based process.
The uses of sesame oil and seeds
The sesame oil and seeds have numerous uses in the culinary, medicinal, and cosmetic fields. The oil is used for cooking, frying, and salad dressing, and it has a high smoke point and a long shelf life. It is also used as a massage oil, a moisturizer, and a carrier oil for essential oils. The seeds are used as a topping for bread, cakes, and pastries, and they are ground into tahini, which is a paste that is used in hummus, baba ganoush, and other dips. The seeds are also used in traditional medicine for their digestive, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties.
Sesame facts and trivia
- Sesame is one of the oldest oilseed crops in the world, and it has been cultivated for more than 5000 years in India, China, and Egypt.
- Sesame seeds are a rich source of lignans, which are phytoestrogens that may have hormone-balancing effects in the body.
- The word “sesame” comes from the Arabic word “simsem,” which means oil or fat.
- Sesame oil is a common ingredient in traditional Ayurvedic medicine for its beneficial properties on the skin, hair, and overall health.
Conclusion
Sesame is a fascinating crop that has played an important role in human history and culture. Its seeds are not only delicious but also packed with nutrients and health benefits. Understanding how sesame grows and how it is processed can deepen our appreciation of this versatile plant and inspire us to explore new ways of incorporating it into our diet and lifestyle.
FAQs about sesame seeds
- Q: Are sesame seeds good for weight loss?
- A: Yes, sesame seeds are a good source of fiber, protein, and healthy fats, which can help you feel full and satisfied and reduce your calorie intake.
- Q: How do I store sesame seeds?
- A: Sesame seeds should be stored in an airtight container in a cool, dark, and dry place. They can last for up to 6 months when stored properly.
- Q: Are sesame seeds safe for people with nut allergies?
- A: Sesame seeds are not nuts, but they may trigger allergic reactions in some people who are sensitive to them. It is always best to consult with your doctor if you have any concerns about food allergies.
- Q: Where can I buy sesame seeds?
- A: Sesame seeds are widely available in most grocery stores, health food stores, and online retailers. Look for high-quality organic or non-GMO sources to ensure the best quality and nutritional value.
References:
1. Bhatty, R. S. (2005). “Sesame.” Canadian Journal of Plant Science, vol. 85, no. 4, pp. 469-485.
2. Goyal, A., Sharma, V., Upadhyay, N., Gill, S., & Kaur, N. (2014). “Potential Functional and Health Benefits of Sesame Seeds: A Review.” International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, vol. 65, no. 6, pp. 753-765.
3. International Seed Testing Association. (2013). “ISTA Rules for Seed Testing.” International Seed Testing Association.